The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - 2192 Words

#1 -Huck has a grim attitude towards Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson. Huck has a grim attitude toward people he disagrees with or doesnt get along with. Huck tends to alienate himself from those people. He doesnt let it bother him. Unlike most people Huck doesnt try to make his point. When Huck has a certain outlook on things he keep his view. He will not change it for anyone. For instance in Chapter Three when Miss Watson tells Huck that if he prayed he would get everything he wished for. â€Å"Huck just shook his head yes and walked away telling Tom that it doesnt work because he has tried it before with fishing line and fishing hooks.† This tells us that Huck is an independent person who doesnt need to rely on†¦show more content†¦Twain feels that by making Huck do this Twain is poking fun at Hucks intelligence. Not his nature intelligence but his book intelligence. In other words Twain is making fun of Huck. #8 – In what way is Huck a slave? Throughout the incident on pages 66-69 in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck fights with two distinct voices. One is siding with society, saying Huck should turn Jim in, and the other is seeing the wrong in turning his friend in, not viewing Jim as a slave. Twain wants the reader to see the moral dilemmas Huck is going through, and what slavery ideology can do to an innocent like Huck. Huck does not consciously think about Jims impending freedom until Jim himself starts to get excited about the idea. The reader sees Hucks first objection to Jim gaining his freedom on page 66, when Huck says, Well, I can tell you it made me all over trembly and feverish, too, to hear him, because I begun to get it through my head that he was most free-and who was to blame for it? Why, me. I could get that out of my conscience, no how nor no way. Huck is hearing the voice of society at this point, not his own. He does not see a moral dilemma with Jim being free; he is opposed to the fact that he is the one helping him. This shows Huck misunderstanding of slavery. Huck does not treat Jim like a slave when they travel together, this shows the reader that Huck views Jim as an equal in most ways. Huck sees having a slave only as owning the person, notShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn800 Words   |  4 Pages The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an action-packed adventure about Huckleberry Finn, an extraordinary young boy growing up along the Mississippi River. The author, Mark Twain, established rigid conflict and left his readers in disbelief over some of the occurrences in the book. All adventure long, Huck and his comrades must adapt to keep their dreams alive. Huck becomes a better person from experiencing all the hardships that he endured, whether it is being thankful for his friends or becomingRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn4280 Words   |  18 PagesNadeem Sbaiti Mrs. Greenlee HN ENG III 1, June 2015 Independent Novel Project The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Knowledge Significance Of Title The title The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn seems to be very self-explanatory of the significance hence the name. Furthermore after further review and thought I have realized there is a deeper meaning than just that of Huckleberry Finn. When the book first begins it is showing the start of the young boys band of robbers and it leads you to believe theRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn1787 Words   |  8 Pages2015 Independent Novel Project The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Knowledge Section Significance of Title When considering the background behind the novel’s title, not much is immediately apparent; for the title is literally just the main character’s name, and the affirmation that there will be some adventuring going down somewhere within the story. Further analysis is not really possible unless the name of the said protagonist is considered. The name Huckleberry does not refer to any actual hucklesRead MoreThe Adventure Of Huckleberry Finn1464 Words   |  6 PagesShe died of a sudden heart attack following a seizure on Christmas Eve, 1909. Jean was 29 years old. Many of Twain s works were tied into his childhood in Hannibal. like Life in Mississippi, Tom Sawyer, and, his most famous tale, The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. Life on the Mississippi was one of Twain s most upbeat books. He wrote it at the beginning of his writing career before all of the tragedies struck his life. He filled his writing with the celebration of his time as a young boy, an apprenticeRead MoreThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn600 Words   |  3 Pages The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain’s continuation of Tom Sawyer follows the misadventures of Tom’s friend Huckleberry Finn and a runaway slave, Jim. The story opens with Huck who is living with Widow Douglas and her sister Miss Watson. The sisters are trying to civilize and educate the unwilling Huck who is not happy with his new life of church, school, and manners. Right as Huck is coming to terms with this new lifestyle his drunken, abusive father returns and demandsRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn787 Words   |  4 PagesIn this journal, both Nicole Amare and Alan Manning criticize the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn through Mormonism. To Amare and Manning, Twain’s fascination of Mormonism and the character’s literary meanings. Furthermore, they claim of Twain’s use of his use of politician names in the stories, which are seen as juxtaposed by Twain in the novel, impact the character Boggs and Governor Liburn Boggs of Independence, Missouri. However, these uses of political names can be portrayed as simplyRead MoreThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn700 Words   |  3 PagesJocelyn Cha dwick-Joshua accurately asserts that in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain uses chapters one through sixteen to establish Huck and Jim as characters and to develop their relationship. To begin, Twain portrays youthful Huck as a remarkably developed, multifaceted character. Huck Finn is very independent, and likes to have control of his own life. Taking matters into his own hands, â€Å"I judged I’d hide her good, and then, ‘stead of taking to the woods when I run off, I’d go downRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn3078 Words   |  13 PagesEnglish III 01, June 2015 Independent Novel Project The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Knowledge Significance of Title The title of this novel can be very literal and sarcastic. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn does contain the plot of Huckleberry Finn going on several adventures, which tells the literal and obvious meaning of the title. The title is also used as sarcasm. Although The adventures of Huckleberry Finn does contain adventure throughout the story, it is more about race and slaveryRead MoreThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn612 Words   |  3 Pages In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck thinks that being civilized means being a hypocrite because he says all of the adults are civilized and they are hypocrites. Huck thinks that civilized people are all about manners and how you should dress. Huck is used to doing things his own way. Huck has a lot of freedom which represents natural life. He was raised without rules and limits which can sometimes lead him to trouble. Huck is used to living on his own. Huck is a free spirit and doesRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn3310 Words   |  14 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn opens by acquainting us with the occasions of the novel that went before it, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Both books are situated in the town of St. Petersburg, Missouri, which sits on the banks of the Mississippi River. Toward the end of Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, who is the protagonist, narrator is a poor kid with a drunken father, and his companion Tom Sawyer, a working class kid, discovered a robber’s stash of gold. As a result, Huck picked up a considerable

Marketing Metrics for Essex Property Trust free essay sample

Via analyzing and discussing the interrelated financial ratios over these three years, the performance and developing trend of Essex Property Trust Inc. Will be measured and understood. Moreover, this study illustrates what the two rivals BRE Properties and Brandywine Realty Trust’s positioning were in property industry. 1. 3 Methodology The companies’ official website has comprehensive information like histories and backgrounds of company, internal and external environment that influencing business running, every detail of financial data and even critical issues. Therefore, it is the most critical resource. In addition, there are other useful methods such as academic reports, journal articles, books and electronic database that provide theoretical knowledge’s about each metric. 1. 4 Limitations However this report has some vital limitations because it is based on the financial statements which reflected historical facts are open to human accruals, error, interpretation and estimation like refunds accounts and depreciation accounts. In order to attract more investors, the economic performance can be inflated by intentionally manipulating figures on inancial reports (Dennis, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Metrics for Essex Property Trust or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, besides the financial factors in financial reports, other several elements including economic, social, and environment can also influence an enterprise’s financial position. Thus, due to ignorance of other factors, the financial position disclosed by accountants may be inaccurate. Last but not the least, the financial statement only took quantitative factors into account but fails to disclose information like integrity of management, prestige and reputation of the business with public, customer’s satisfaction, employees’ loyalty and efficiency, etc. hat also impacts business decision making (Dennis, 2010). 2. Real estate investment trust (REIT) Industry and company’s historical background George M. Marcus as the real estate entrepreneur formed Essex Property Corporation in 1971 and after 23years the company became Essex Property Trust, Inc. when it gained the portfolio of 16 multifamily communities. Essex is a self-managed and self-administered integrated real estate investment trust (REIT) in West Coast of America. In 1960, REITs created by congress is a type of real estate firm that provides opportunities for all Americans to invest in income-producing real estate not just for affluent. The method of this investment is similar to the bonds and stocks investments through mutual funds by many Americans (REIT, 2012). Essex develops, manages and acquires multifamily residential properties in the specific provinces like the San Francisco, Southern California and the Seattle metropolitan area and Essex relates to land and its appreciation on it like offices, apartments and hotels. Essex’s Property Portfolio so far Multi-family: [pic] Office: [pic] Retail: other unclassified [pic] Specialty: unclassified [pic] According to the above table charts published by Essex in March of 2013, there are 166 communities comprising 29,506 apartment units and total approximately 315,900 square feet of four commercial buildings which are located in major regions of California and Washington under the property portfolio. Besides the existing markets, Essex intended to evaluate some new markets by identifying new areas and developing new unconsolidated joint venture projects. . Conceptual framework Marketing metric can be defined as a measuring framework which quantifies a dynamic, trend, or characteristic and also can be used by practitioners in marketing monitoring and business planning to explain diagnose causes, phenomena, project the results of future events and share findings in order to justify marketing programs, decide on financial allocations and evaluate their marketing performance (Farris et al. 2010). It’s more effective to use a portfolio of metrics because it can assist managers with maintenance of productive focus on markets and customers and identification of weaknesses and strengths in both execution and strategies (Bazley et al. 2004). [pic] There are seven specific metrics adapt to measure Essex company’s performance and analyze competitors’ positions. According to the above figure, they are return on equity (ROE), Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA), year-on-year growth revenue, return on investment, profitability metrics, efficiency calculations and capital structure ratios. Gross profit margin, net profit margin and cash flow to sales ratio are three critical basic figures that will be used to measure entity’s profitability (Bazley et al. 2004). Then, in order to identify company’s business efficiency, Return on asset and asset turnover ratio will be calculated as well. Finally, there are three capital structure ratios including equity ratio, debt ratio and debt equity ratio(Mcdonald and Mouncey, 2009). The most vital reason to choose those metrics is that they can maximize the accuracy of measurement about an entity’s heath and estimation on the basis of other data. Moreover, they are also interrelated to each other (Birt et al. 2010). 4. Marketing metrics Briefly, The critical purposes of using following particular metrics are judging business performance, evaluating plans, quantifying market opportunities, identifying leverage points for improvement for Essex and recognizing its peers’ threats for the past three years and predict the trend in near future(Farris et al. 010). 4. 1 Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) As an alternative for a cash-based profit measure, EBITDA can be also defined as the profit before interest, taxation and depreciation and amortization expense. Because it excludes financing and tax charge besides asset diminution, its main aim is to measure entity’s raw operating earnings compare and analyze prof itability between companies (Birt et al. 2010). Figures in US$ and ‘000 |2010 |2011 |2012 | |Essex |277,861 |338,679 |456,888 | |BRE |228,219 |255,066 |306,542 | |Brandywine |370,880 |379,556 |383,484 | Based on the above chart, it apparently illustrates that both of them tried to raise their EBITDA and therefore decline their operating cost. Among them, Essex had the most dramatic increasing trend in EBITDA by changing amount of US$179,027,000 during three years. 4. 2 Profitability metrics Under this category, there are three basic metrics: gross profit margin, net profit margin and cash flow to sales ratio to calculate entity’s profit. Gross profit margin refers to the percentage of sales revenue that results in gross profit which measures profitability in selling, producing and buying goods before other expenses are taken into account (Birt et al. 2010). Higher value means better likelihood of success to divide more satisfactory return to owners and cover more other expenses (Atrill et al. 2008). Net profit margin reveals the proportion of sales revenue results in profit before interest and tax (Birt et al. 2010). This ratio is the most appropriate measure of profit from trading operations which is before took any costs of servicing long-term finance into account (Atrill et al. 2008). Cash flow to sales ratio reflects a proportion of cash flow from operating activities compared to its net sales revenue can be used to measure an entity ability to convert its sales into cash. Higher value means more efficient productivity and creditworthiness and indicates the firm has more ability to grow (Business Dictionary, 2012).

Taxi Driver Analysis free essay sample

Scorcese   makes  few  attempts  to  particularize  these  themes  to  Travis’s  surroundings,  instead  requiring  the   audience  to  harbor  the  same  vague  sense  of  general  filth  that  plagues  his  protagonist. Despite  its   apparent    rejection    of    generic    convention,   Taxi    Driver   is    not    without    stylistic    and    thematic   precedent. Film  noir,  a  style  of  film  dominant  roughly  from  the  early ­forties  to  late ­fifties,  also   features    expressionist    photography    that    captures    morally    and    psychologically    unstable rotagonists  making  their  way  through  dark  and  corrupt  cities. Generally,  these  films’  heroes   were  rough,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"hard ­boiled†Ã‚  detectives/investigators  torn  from  the  pages  of  dime  novels . As  the   style  of  film  noir  evolved,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hollywood  lighting  grew  darker,  characters  more  corrupts,  themes   more   fatalistic,  and  the  tone   more  hopeless†Ã‚  (Schrader   1972). Later,  the  protagonists  and  the   worlds    they    inhabited    grew    increasingly    chaotic,    until    the    characters,    settings,    and    themes   ceased  to  be  identifiable  as  film  noir. Films,  like  Chinatown  (Polanski  1974)  revived  many  of  the themes  of  films  noir,  but  stopped  short  of  seriously  employing  the  stylistic  trends  of  the  earlier   films. According    to    John    Cawelti    (1979),   Chinatown   is    a    generically ­transformed    film    noir,   consciously  adapting  certain  elements  from  an  preceding  style  or  genre,  and  recasting  them  with   a  degree  of  self ­consciousness,  or  even  parody. In  much  the  same  way  that  Chinatown  pastiches   the  plots  and  thematics  of  many  films  noir,  Taxi  Driver  borrows  many  of  films’  stylistic  features,   changes  their  stories  to  fit  a  contemporary  society,  and  even  turns  to  those  artistic  movements   which  anticipated   and   influenced   the   initial   development   of  film   noir. Taxi   Driver,   then,  is  a   radicalized  film  noir,  a  work  of  noir ­like  cinematography  which  masks  the  lingering  traces  of   order,  stability,  or  meaning  left  over  from  the  noir ­worlds  of  the  late  1950s. The  film  seeks  out   the    limits    of    characteristically    noir    subjects    like    corruption    and    loss ­of ­identity,    and    finding   none,  continues  what  1950s ­noir  began,  expressing  the  limitlessness  of  these  subjects  through   style  and  theme. Paul  Schrader,  who  wrote  Taxi  Driver’s  screenplay,  outlines  his  view  of  film  noir  in  his   essay  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Notes  on  Film  Noir†Ã‚  (1972). Combining  Schrader’s  notes  with  Cawelti’s  theory  of  generic   transformation,  we  see  that

Venus Figurines as Early Human Sculptural Art

Venus Figurines as Early Human Sculptural Art A Venus figurine (with or without the capital V) is the name given to a type of figural art produced by humans between about 35,000 and 9,000 years ago. While the stereotypical Venus figurine is a small carved statue of a voluptuous female with large body parts and no head or face to speak of, those carvings are considered part of a larger cadre of portable art plaques and two- and three-dimensional carvings of men, children, and animals as well as women in all stages of life. Over 200 of these statuettes have been found, made of clay, ivory, bone, antler, or carved stone. They were all found at sites left behind by hunter-gatherer societies of the European and Asian late Pleistocene (or Upper Paleolithic) periods during the last gasp of the last Ice Age, the Gravettian, Solutrean, and Aurignacian periods. Their remarkable variety- and yet persistence- within this 25,000 year period continues to amaze researchers. The Venus and Modern Human Nature One of the reasons youre reading this may be because images of the physicality of women are an important part of modern human cultures. Whether your specific modern culture permits the exposure of the female form or not, the uninhibited depiction of women with large breasts and detailed genitals seen in the ancient art is nearly irresistible to all of us. Nowell and Chang (2014) compiled a list of modern-day attitudes reflected in the media (and scholarly literature). This list is derived from their study, and it includes five points that we should keep in mind when considering Venus figurines in general. Venus figurines were not necessarily made by men for menMen are not the only ones aroused by visual stimuliOnly some of the figurines are femaleThe figurines that are female have considerable variation in size and body shapeWe dont know that Paleolithic systems necessarily recognized only two gendersWe dont know that being unclothed was necessarily erotic in Paleolithic periods We simply cannot know for certain what was in the minds of Paleolithic people or who made the figurines and why. Consider the Context Nowell and Chang suggest instead that we should consider the figurines separately, within their archaeological context (burials, ritual pits, refuse areas, living areas, etc.), and compare them to other artwork rather than as a separate category of erotica or fertility art or ritual. The details that we seem to focus on- big breasts and explicit genitals- obscure the finer elements of the art for a lot of us. One notable exception is a paper by Soffer and colleagues (2002), who examined the evidence for the use of netted fabrics drawn as clothing features on the figurines. Another non-sex-charged study is by Canadian archaeologist Alison Tripp (2016), who looked at examples of Gravettian-era figurines and suggested similarities in the central Asian group indicate some kind social interaction among them. That interaction is also reflected in similarities in site layouts, lithic inventories, and material culture. The Oldest Venus The oldest Venus found to date was recovered from the Aurignacian levels of Hohle Fels in southwestern Germany, in the lowest-most Aurignacian layer, made between 35,000-40,000 cal BP. The Hohle Fels carved ivory art collection included four figurines: a horses head, a half-lion/half-human being, a water bird, and a woman. The female figurine was in six fragments, but when the fragments were reassembled they were revealed to be the nearly complete sculpture of a voluptuous woman (her left arm is missing) and in place of her head is a ring, enabling the object to be worn as a pendant. Function and Meaning Theories about the function of Venus figurines abound in the literature. Different scholars have argued that the figurines might have been used as emblems for membership in a goddess religion, teaching materials for children, votive images, good luck totems during childbirth, and even sex toys for men. The images themselves have also been interpreted in many ways. Different scholars suggest they were realistic images of what women looked like 30,000 years ago, or ancient ideals of beauty, or fertility symbols, or portrait images of specific priestesses or ancestors. Who Made Them? A statistical analysis of the waist to hip ratio for 29 of the figurines was conducted by Tripp and Schmidt (2013), who found that there was considerable regional variation. Magdalenian statuettes were much curvier than the others, but also more abstract. Tripp and Schmidt conclude that although it could be argued that Paleolithic males preferred heavier set and less curvy females, there is no evidence to identify the gender of the persons who made the objects or who used them. However, American art historian LeRoy McDermott has suggested that the figurines may have been self-portraits made by women, arguing that the body parts were exaggerated because if an artist dont have a mirror, her body is  distorted from her viewpoint. Venus Examples Russia: Malta, Avdeevo, New Avdeevo, Kostenki I, Kohtylevo, Zaraysk, Gagarino, EliseevichiFrance: Laussel, Brassempouy, Lespugue, Abri Murat, Gare de CouzeAustria: WillendorfSwitzerland: MonruzGermany: Hohle Fels, Gà ¶nnersdorf, MonreposItaly: Balzi Rossi, Barma GrandeCzech Republic: Dolni Vestonice, Moravany, PekrnaPoland: Wilczyce, Petrkovice, PavlovGreece: Avaritsa Sources Dixson AF, and Dixson BJ. 2011. Venus figurines of the European Paleolithic: Symbols of fertility or attractiveness? Journal of Anthropology 2011(Article ID 569120).McDermott L. 1996. Self-Representation in Upper Paleolithic Female Figurines. Current Anthropology 37(2):227-275.Nowell A, and Chang ML. 2014. Science, the Media, and Interpretations of Upper Paleolithic Figurines. American Anthropologist 116(3):562-577.Tripp A. 2016. A Cladistics Analysis Exploring Regional Patterning of the Anthropomorphic Figurines from the Gravettian. In: Mendoza Straffon L, editor. Cultural Phylogenetics: Concepts and Applications in Archaeology. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p 179-202.Tripp AJ, and Schmidt NE. 2013. Analyzing Fertility and Attraction in the Paleolithic: The Venus Figurines. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 41(2):54-60.Soffer O, Adovasio JM, and Hyland DC. 2000. The Venus Figurines: Textiles, basketry, gender, and status in the Upper Paleolithic. Current Anthropology 41(4):511-537.

Positivism in the Study of Sociology

Positivism in the Study of Sociology Positivism describes an approach to the study of society that specifically utilizes scientific evidence such as experiments, statistics, and qualitative results to reveal a truth about the way society functions. It is based on the assumption that its possible to observe social life and establish reliable knowledge about its inner workings. Positivism also argues that sociology should concern itself only with what can be observed with the senses and that theories of social life should be built in a rigid, linear, and methodical way on a base of verifiable fact. Nineteenth-century French philosopher Auguste Comte developed and defined the term in his books The Course in Positive Philosophy and A General View of Positivism. He theorized that the knowledge gleaned from positivism can be used to affect the course of social change and improve the human condition. The Queen Science Initially, Comte was primarily interested in establishing theories that he could test, with the main goal of improving our world once these theories were delineated. He wanted to uncover natural laws that could be applied to society, and he believed that the natural sciences, like biology and physics, were a stepping stone in the development of social science. He believed that just as gravity is a truth in the physical world,  similar universal laws could be discovered in relation to society. Comte, along with Emile Durkheim, wanted to create a distinct new field with its own group of scientific facts. He hoped that sociology would become the queen science, one that was more important than the natural sciences that preceded it. Five Principles of Positivism Five principles make up the theory of positivism. It asserts that the logic of inquiry is identical across all branches of science; the goal of inquiry is to explain, predict, and discover; and research should be observed empirically with human senses. Positivism also maintains that science is not the same as common sense, and it should be judged by logic and remain free of values. Three Cultural Stages of Society Comte believed that society was passing through distinct stages and was then entering its third. The stages included the theological-military stage, the metaphysical-judicial stage, and the scientific-industrial society. During the theological-military stage, society held strong beliefs about supernatural beings, slavery,  and the military. The metaphysical-judicial stage saw a tremendous focus on political and legal structures that emerged as society evolved, and in the scientific-industrial stage, a positive philosophy of science was emerging due to advances in logical thinking and scientific inquiry. Positivism Today Positivism has had relatively little influence on contemporary sociology because it is said to encourage a misleading emphasis on superficial facts without any attention to underlying mechanisms that cannot be observed. Instead, sociologists understand that the study of culture is complex and requires many complex methods necessary for research. For example, by using fieldwork, researchers immerse themselves in another culture to learn about it. Modern sociologists dont embrace the version of one true vision of society as a goal for sociology like Comte did.

PABLO PICASSO, Les Demoiselles dAvignon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PABLO PICASSO, Les Demoiselles dAvignon - Essay Example Picasso made use of different shades of color to bring out harmony within the brothel. For instance, the use of the light blue color is used to bring out the light and curtain and clothing the women are using to cover their bodies. The use of color is used in bring out the differences in the way these women look and the feel of the surrounding. The dark brown colors in some of the women shoe that they are darker than other women. While, two women behind the curtains are shown to have dark faces and this shows they are indigenous women. The colors used in the painting are a hue of light brown, brown and blue colors used to bring out the features of all the five women. These colors complement each other and they are used in perfectly showing the looks of all these women. In terms of space, Picasso did a great job in reducing the space within which the subjects of the painting were placed (Apollinaire 147). The foreground, he made use of dark colors and lighter in the middle ground while at the back, dark colors were also used. The figures of the women were modeled using different hues of light with women in the foreground having light features and those in the background having dark features. The perspective that we get from the picture is that, Picasso gives an expression of women who were standing close to one another. This is because; the light and color of all the women are nearly all the same. Picasso made of straight edged lines and cube like features to show the poor state in which the women were in (Bohm-Duchen 207). The first picture that a person gets when he sees the picture is that the artist has the intention of painting a certain scene in an enclosed room. This is because Picasso does not draw the whole room and only centers on the five women in the brothel (Apollinaire 165). Moreover, Picasso made use of two dimensional figures to

Dancom in Russia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dancom in Russia - Essay Example If they had been equals, administration would not have been easy. MNCs carefully avoid behaving like overlords and expect cooperation from native workers. Western countries, who were impressively successful in imperialism, had been unable to attain same level of achievement here while dealing with cultural syndromes. The provided case study of Dancom operating from Russia is an eye-opener, a situation in crying need of cross-cultural management. Study gives importance to the Russian voices of dissent heard in a Danish company. Russian workers, especially middle managers, who are 'united against headquarters in Denmark,' do not feel loyal for their company belonging to Danes. Problem of languages, lack of frequent/meaningful communication, poor and misguided interpretation, and isolated decision making with very little trust on the integrity and cleverness of Russians are the issues nagging this company. Another complex question is of insiders and outsiders, hosting insiders and hosting outsiders. Looking from Danish angle as the company belonged to them, Russians are workers from another dense culture, that too, ex-communists. From Russian point of view, overbearing Danish company is operating from Russian soil, and this should make Russians main players. There is a major difference in planning between Danish (long term activity, hence, important) and Russians (a short immediate task, not much to be bothered about), while Russians feel that Danes should have more trust in the knowledge and experience of Russian middle managers. What brings the differences other than culture, language and working pattern and natural bias How to reduce cross-cultural conflicts It had been a major challenge to Dancom. Russians are more tuned to the 'one authority' ordering, being under Communist rule for decades and Danes, being capitalistic in their approach, are more decentralised in their handling, even though they depend mainly on themselves. Years of mutual mistrust and prejudice about the other's capability (mainly due to political propaganda fed during days of Cold War) cannot be wiped out at one go. It takes time to develop trust, respect and mutual understanding and such an effort could be made through cross-cultural management. As a solution, cross-cultural relationships should be trusted and developed. Communication and co-ordination have to be developed. It is imperative to find out how Russians perceive themselves and this might be the key to many stagnating questions. Lamenting on not having research results, Jonson and Cullen argue: "Research on trust and its role in exchange has proliferated since the 1990s. However despite the insights offered by scholars, we do not yet have a generalizable and comprehensive model of trust in exchange," Jonson and Cullen in Gannon (2002, p.335). They hope to have much more research on the dynamics of trust, culture's role in the bases and evolution of trust and on business ethics across cultures. There are issues which showcase Danish approach being different from