Policy development Essay

In laymans terms, insurance whitethorn be defined as a reckon plan of go through that is accustomd to slip a style decisions and thereby light upon lucid outcomes. there is a illusion that policies scarce apply to political sciences. Policies may overly apply to private sector organizations, groups and individuals. deviance between form _or_ system of government and law To a large extent, laws atomic number 18 used for induce or prohibiting behaviors. Conversely, policies are used to guide actions so that the desired action may be achieved. There various types of policies. These entangle public, fiscal and urban policies.Consequently, policies may accordingly be understood as the political, caution and administrative mechanisms arranged to reach certain explicit goals. Involvement Various individuals and groups in society try to shape up insurance polity by way of protagonism, rearing and the militarization of interest groups. The aim of doing so is to sw ay the constitution makers to make decisions that volition be in their favor. It is all more or little interest at the end of the day. If blusht groups in society feel it is in their interest that certain policies be do in their favor, they try as very much to advocate for them by way of lobbying. accord to Cohen, De la Vega & Watson, in advocacy, certain groups or individuals in society take it upon themselves to hallow instruction the public and overly the policy makers roughly the nature of the chores, the kind of legislation ask to deal with the said problems including the funding require to contribute the necessary services and/or conduct research (2001). In my confederation located in a wasted town in Pennsylvania, the major content of cite is access to orderly piss. piddle is emotional state so the saying goes. However, in my small society, more and more flock are finding it considerably demanding to access reli adequate to(p) and preventative pe eing make out. to the highest degree of the local anaesthetic streams where the majority of the quite a little bind their urine from are becoming openly polluted (Clean body of piddle Action, N. d. ). This makes the urine an know of serious line of work. As an individual penis of our local residential area organization, known as, Water is Life, involvement is usually in the undermenti bingled policy areas. The reason I am compound in the policy is, unless the appear is address sooner rather than later, it may turn disastrous. There is no manners without water. Lobbying The aim is to influence our representatives to institute important change (Richan, 2006).The local town council which is an tree branch of the government of necessity to make certain that reasonably water is availed. The mayors election pledge was that novel water volition be provided to the residents of the community as soon as he got into office. It has been six some months and the taps are st ill dry. Consequently, I seduce established that the virtually effectual lobby methods to use so as to reach the locals are letter writing, reverberate calls and meetings. This way the residents stay informed on the activities that the organization is entangled in. However, the use of e-mails has proved to be much faster and convenient.With the harvest-feast of information and communication technology, members of the community cod access to the internet (Grassroots lobbying techniques, N. d). However, it is non scarce when the resident of the community who have been receiving the letters, emails and rally calls but as well as the mayor and regulator Rendell. protagonism Cohen, De la Vega & Watson, define advocacy as the quest of influencing outcomes that in one way or another have an effect on commonwealths stands (2001). Advocacy is an integral office in policy and option allocation decision.Advocacy is necessary if the adoption of the Buffer coke policy is to go away a truthfulness and also if the protection of the streams and provision of clean water is to be realized. Through advocacy, the community organization Water is Life, has been able to give a voice to the residents of the community. More over, it has helped to call them towards a common goal. Community mobilization The single most important imaginativeness that a community may use to influence policy is the wad. When the the great unwashed point together, they are better able to provide solutions to their most immediate problems.As activate of the mobilization efforts, I am involved in handling out of pamphlets and organizing settlement meetings (Handbook, N. d). However, it is important to note that all these endeavors may not be successful without some kind of education. The locals have to be intelligibly informed on why their familiarity is important. Accordingly, the community organization (Water is Life), which may be regarded to an interest group pushing for the ne eds of the community and the policy implementers (the town council, the parting of the Mayor and the Department of Environmental tax shelter (DEP) may be referred to as the principal(prenominal) actors.They are the main players in this policy add. The individuals who have mostly been affected by the policy are the residents of the community. These actors are involved in different parts of the policy ontogenesis process, right from the identification of the problem all through to the evaluations st mature. Issue of concern There are m either state in the community who are confront the possibility of not being able to access dear water. The residents should unite and admit the implementation of the Buffer 100 policy which pull up stakes protect the Pennsylvania streams from taint (Clean water Action (N. d. ).Clean water has many uses. For imbibing, readiness, washing and cleaning. There is as strain on the availability of unspoiled water because the macrocosm has increas ed spell water sources have remained constant duration some have been destroyed. It is hard to opine what the situation will be similar in a few long time time with population growth. There will be more demand for clean drinking water though the supply will be next to none. plot of ground the community was able to support a smaller population in the proto(prenominal) 1980s comfortable with the water resource given by Mother Nature, it has become considerably hard to continue with the trend. big(a) male activity ( contamination), the clearing of forests and other water catchments areas plus the effects of global calefacient are all to blame (Real demesne Futurist, 2009). The Clean Water Act is the straits federal law in the unite States used to govern water pollution (Ryan, 2004). The clean water issue is contained inwardly the broader realm of environmental policies. To a great extent, the formulation of water policy heavily relies on input from numerous parties/actors from individuals, groups, communities and policy implementers.Their main duty is to avail decisive information and expertise necessary for the intellectual and addressing of water provision concerns. Extent to which the issue affects a larger number of people It has already been established that clean water is an absolute necessity. Without clean water, the existence of life becomes precarious. According to United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on climate change, a massive 2 billion people will not have access to clean drinking water by the year 2050. What is even more shocking is that the number may rise to 3.2 billion people by the year 2080 (Associated Press, 2008). For evidence and verification that indeed water has become a scarce resource one only needs to open the newspapers and /or control news for pictures of dry barren lands and puppet carcasses under the scorching sun in such parts of the world as Africa. In the US, some regions are at the limit of their fresh water supplies. one major region that is experiencing water dearth is California. It is expected that between the year 2000 and 2015, the population will have doubled up. hypothecate of the resulting stress on the provision of clean water. The lack of water has far arriver consequences. There will be less fodder employment. Think of the West part of America which relies on irrigation to sustain culture (Real Estate Futurist, 2009)? Less food production will then mean that food will become more expensive. In the US, the people who may be most affected by the lack of natural rubber water are the very tender and the old. Thus, these include children of school going age and the old people most of who live in retirement homes.More over, people from marginalized communities for instance, the Latin Americans and immigrants from other countries may be affected. In terms of gender, women may be most affected as they are the ones who are mostly charged with the duties of flavour for water. More over, they perform most of the activities where water is primal such as cooking and cleaning. Nevertheless, people who are in the decline end of the income bracket will also be more affected. Think of the people in manual/temporary parturiency who earn less than one dollar a day.In the event of water shortage, they will not have any money to spare for the purchase of water. They may then result to using contaminated water which is a health hazard. There is need for the adoption of better policies that will guarantee better access to safe water regardless of race or hearty class. Conclusion Policies are deliberate plan of actions used to not only guide decision but also to achieve a logical and rational outcome in particular issues and activities. slightly of todays policy issues are to be found in the environmental, health and education sectors.The availability and provision of safe water is a serious local and global issue in the environmental realm. Individuals and gr oups alike are involved in advocacy and lobbying as a way of influencing actors involved in policy development and implementation such as government representatives to act accordingly. The aim is to voice the concern of the people most affected by the issues local communities. Unless, the water issue is addressed now there will be worse things to worry about in future.References.Clean water Action (N. d. ). Retrieved borderland 20, 2009 from http//www.cleanwateraction. org/ Clean Water. (2009). Real Estate Futurist. Retrieved litigate 20, 2009 from http//www. realestatefuturist. com/re-environmentwater. asp Cohen, D. , De la Vega, R. & Watson, G. (2001). Advocacy for social justice. Bloomfield, CT Kumarian Press Inc. Experts warn of voiceless water shortages by 2080. (2008). Associated Press. Retrieved show 20, 2009 from http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/27781117/l Gerston, L. (1997). Public policy making adjoin and principle. innovative York M. E. Sharpe. Grass root lobbying tech niques. (N. d. ). Retrieved March 20 2009 from http//fsalc.com/root. html Handbook Non-formal adult education facilitators. (N. d. ). Retrieved March 20, 2009 http//www2. unescobkk. org/elib/publications/nonformal/M1. pdf Richan, W. (2006). Lobbying for social change. New York Routledge. Ryan, M. (2004). The Clean Water Act handbook. moolah American Bar Association. Smith, B. (2003). Public policy and public participation Engaging citizens and community in the development of public policy. wellness Canada. Retrieved March 20, 2009 from http//www. phac-aspc. gc. ca/canada/regions/atlantic/pdf/pub_policy_partic_e. pdf